湖南首次发现东方行军蚁为害茶树

【目的】鉴定并描述发生在湖南慈利的一种为害茶树根茎部的茶树害虫,以期明确其种名并为生产防治提供依据。【方法】采用形态学及DNA条形码技术对其进行物种鉴定,进一步对其生物学进行记录和描述。【结果】通过形态学和分子生物学研究,该虫被鉴定为东方行军蚁(Dorylus orientalis westwood,1835)。该虫蛀食茶树根茎部皮层进行为害,被害茶园形成多处缺株,产量损失大,严重影响茶树的生长和产量。【结论】东方行军蚁是一种新记录的茶树害虫,具有虫体较小、繁殖力强、为害具有隐蔽性的特点,可采取灯光诱杀、毒饵诱杀和化学防治等措施进行防治。     

陇南核桃病虫害无公害综合防治策略

针对陇南核桃栽培中病虫害发生问题进行分析论述,提出无公害综合防治策略,对陇南生态环境保护及绿色无公害核桃生产有一定指导意义。     

Modelling optimal timing and frequency of insecticide sprays for knockdown in preparation for other control measures

A modelling investigation was conducted into optimizing the number of sprays and inter-spray interval to reduce an insect population to a low level, for example, prior to pheromone trapping or the release of sterile males. The model population was age-structured and density-dependent. If spray mortality is 100% for each spray, then the ideal spraying schedule is easily determined from the durations of the various life stages. For spray mortality of less than 100%, a simulation was used to determine optimal spraying schedules. Relative length of the larval period, fertility rate and age to first oviposition were found to be the most important biotic parameters for this determination. Their importance is magnified as spray mortality decreases. The stage targeted by sprays and the percent mortality caused by each spray are also important in determining the required number of sprays. Using medfly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedmann) biotic parameters as an example when the spray targets adults, it appeared that neither the stage at which density-dependent mortality takes effect, nor the form of the adult survivorship curve are important in determining the optimal spray schedule.     

花椒病虫害研究进展

花椒Zanthoxylum bungeanum是一种具有重要经济价值和药用价值的多年生香料和油料树种,国内外学者对花椒的栽培、育种等方面研究较多,而对花椒病虫害防治方面的研究较少。笔者在前人研究的基础上,通过文献分析明确花椒及其病虫害方面的研究,并对已报道的花椒病虫害、防治方法等进行了综述,以期为今后开展花椒病虫害防治相关研究提供理论支持和方向。     

Distribution and diversity of leaf-cutting ants in Northeastern Argentina: species most associated with forest plantations

Abstract

Leaf-cutting ants (LCA) are considered one of the main herbivores and one of the most destructive pest insects of the Neotropics. Northeastern Argentina harbors the greatest species richness of these ants and in turn comprises the highest surface with forest plantations. Our aim was to establish which species of leaf-cutting ants are most commonly associated with forest plantations by analyzing their geographic distribution using published and unpublished species occurrence data. Also, estimate their potential areas of distribution along a latitudinal gradient that entirely encompasses northeastern Argentina using Ecological Niche Modeling. Only seven of the 20 species recorded were strongly associated with productive systems along the gradient, but only 2–3 species in each region could be considered high-risk species for forest plantations. High-risk species composition shows a turnover between regions. Our models show the potential distribution areas where LCA could become more abundant and dominant, and possibly causing a detrimental effect on the forest plantations in the studied region. We find that ecological niche models are useful tools to assess the environmental suitability of important LCA.     

基于Lucid多途径检索的油茶害虫诊断APP开发与实现

油茶是亚热带地区重要的木本油料作物,近年来随着种植面积的不断扩大和集约化经营,病虫害问题日益严重,对油茶的产量和品质造成不同程度的影响。本研究通过野外调查、文献查阅、种类鉴定等工作,整理了21种油茶主要害虫的形态特征、生物学习性、为害特点、防治措施等信息,并拍摄相应害虫及为害状的高清照片1 600张。采用Lucid智能诊断系统,构建Fact Sheet Fusion基础信息数据库,并针对多途径检索方式提取害虫"为害方式"、"为害部位"、"为害高峰期"、"形态特征"等4个1级特征组,以及10个2级特征和18个3级特征,共组成102个特征状态,构建了油茶害虫的快速诊断系统。在此基础上,转换得到基于Android系统的手机应用APP,为林农和森防一线工作者对油茶害虫快速识别和防治提供便捷服务,从而促进油茶产业持续健康发展。     

中国茶园有害生物防控40年

总结了改革开放40年来,我国茶园有害生物防控领域取得的重要研究进展,分析了现阶段我国茶园有害生物防控存在的问题,提出了相应的发展对策,为我国茶园有害生物防控研究工作提供参考。